Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting. Other narratives at the Hart's enquiry do not make mention of the Efut. Some of the oldest of these societies were Nyana Nyaku and Nsibidi. The Efik language also borrows words from other ethnic groups such as Balondo, Oron, Efut, Okoyong, Efiat and Ekoi (Qua). Ekpe Society Emblem, Ejaham, Cameroon Dog Fetish, Vili, Congo Mlbuya (sickness) mask, Pende, Zaire Nimba Mask, Baga, Guinea Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907 (detail) Bust of a Woman, 1931 Tte de taureau (Bull's Head), 1942 La chvre (The goat) 1950 Other references According to Asuquo, Asibong Eso of Obutong was Old King Robin; Ekpenyong Efa of Adiabo was King John; Ani Eniang Nkot of Mbiabo Ikoneto was Robin King Agbisherea; Oku Ukpong Eton Ani of Mbiabo Ikot Offiong was William King Agbisherea; while Ukorebi Neneng Esien Ndem Ndem of Obomitiat Ikoneto was King Ebrero[55]. In such cases, the Ekpe Society is seen as the . The group believes that when they eat human flesh, they gain the ability to transform into a crocodile. The Sunjata Epic is usually understood to tell the story of: the rise and fall of the seven Nubian (Kushite) kings. The Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southern Nigeria, and western Cameroon. The group has managed to stay mostly hidden for over more than 100 years. Due to the peregrinations of Efik traders across the lower Cross River region, The Efik language was regarded as the language of commerce in the Cross river region. Cameroon-Nigeria Relations, 1884-1961: A Study in Political, Economic and Social Interactions Between Two Nigerian Neighbouring States. Ukara cloth, an indigo stitched and dyed cloth is significant to the people of Igbo land. [72] Hall Fund. Ekpe is a mysterious spirit who is supposed to live in the jungle and to preside at the ceremonies of the society. I am manyang Mathilda Nkwo of Akiriba village , upperbanyang and I am and still is oneof the oldest living practing manyangero in Manyu. Aye, Originally Ekpe Fraternity was for religious purposes, but as the Calabar community became complicated owing to the new wealth which the early trade with Europeans brought it was. [50] Okoho Efiom bore twins whose paternal parentage have often been debated. An entire topic will be dedicated to discussing the Ekpe society and its legacy in the near future. "[35] Simmons assertion which was made in his 1958 dissertation is similarly reiterated at the Hart's enquiry in 1964 by chiefs such as Chief Efiom Obo Effanga of Obutong. She or he is a random of nature, a result of mixed up and confused spiritual genetics. Historians and archaeologists have worked to piece together the human story from prehistory up to today. Also i want bomb and shell. [37] A captured invader confessed that they were set to retrieve royal emblems which they believed the Efik had taken with them when they left Uruan. Have you ever thought about starting a secret society? Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the ancestors (ikan). Ethnographic - (Head crest, Ejagham People): Worn by a member of the Ekpe Society to intimidate and punish anyone who has broken tribal law. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the initiation society called kp, or "leopard," which was the highest indigenous authority. After the tapping process, the wine is left to ferment for five hours. National Museum of African American History and Culture. Read More mask The Ekpe society requires that its initiates sponsor feasts for the town, which foster the appearance of the redistribution of wealth by providing the poor with food and drink. In the case of the latter, in the heat of the confusion, villagers would be kidnapped and sent to Calabar were they were sold. Ed Keazor Follow Barrister-at-Law Advertisement Advertisement Recommended The Amama often appropriate hundreds of acres of palm trees for their own use and, with the profits they earn, ensure that their sons achieve comparable rank, which has the effect of limiting access to economic gain for other members of the community. [13] Throughout the centuries, Efik traders traded with the Portuguese, Dutch, English and French. Due to the number of unfortunate incidents at Ikpa Ene and Ndodoghi, the Efik sought to leave these islands. Ema Atai Ema Atai, Edidem, Biop sai." Historians recognize the advent and rapid rise of Ekpe as a direct result of a need for a new and effective mechanism of sociopolitical control in the complex economic environment created by the Atlantic slave trade. Upon leaving the Cameroon territory, the Ibibio arrived at their present location following two major directions. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as This is: After his "second birth", Waiyaki is brought to a sacred grove where: After the episode in the sacred grove, Waiyaki disappears from his home to: The two daughters of Joshua, Nyambura and Muthoni, have both been forbidden by their father to: Waiyaki tries to heal the conflict between the two ridges by: Waiyaki fails to achieve his goals because: The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. As a child, Sunjata at first looks unpromising because: In one of the most dramatic episodes in the Sunjata Epic, Sunjata first begins to demonstrate his extraordinary abilities when he: avenges an insult to his mother by uprooting a tree and placing it in front of her house. Plenty sugar cane live here and if some man must come for teach book proper, and make all men saby God like white man, and then we go on for same fashion. That is why Sisiku Ojong Orock after consultation with the other Ekpe members and Sisiku Mfonten Mbu decided to acquire his own Nkanda Lodge in April 2003. [52] On the death of Chief Willy Tom Robins, a number of rituals were performed. Among these secret societies were Ekpe, Obon and Nsibidi. You been do very proper for we, and now we want to keep proper mouth. Another theory which is narrated by Forde and Jones states that the name "Efik" translates to "Tyrants" or "He who oppresses" and was the name of which the Efik called themselves after they had settled at Creek town.[12]. The society is somewhat akin to a free mason group and does some unofficial law enforcement. In his well researched thesis titled "Ekpe Imperium in South Eastern Nigeria", Anwana (2002) identified a plenitude of evidences to validate the Ejagham/Ekoi origins of the Ekpe society. [52] A number of people were hanged, shot and buried with the late chief according to the custom. Jeffreys states that a disruption among the Okobo around the town of Ekeya in the Eket district led to the founding of Obutong. Another account from the Qua claimed that Ekpe (Mgbe) migrated from Cameroon. Hope all is well. It is uncertain the specific year that the Efik arrived Creek Town. ,sister Watz. Wake Keeping, Viewing and service in Dallas, Texas. [61] One of such letters written by King Eyamba V and the chiefs of Old Calabar states: Now we settle treaty for not sell slave, I must tell you something, I want your Queen to do for we. The main proponents of what is described as "Palestinean origin" is Eyo Okon Akak who wrote the book, "The Palestine origin of the Efik". Their king on the eastern Calabar coast was known as Ating Anua Efiom. The origins of these symbols date way before colonization, but, from my understanding, the use of these symbols died out as the influence of Ekpe secret society lessened. Ikpaya is now worn by an Obong-elect during the traditional coronation ceremony. All Ekpe members are hereby reminded that under Ekpe custom, we do not leave the lifeless body of our warriors in the battle field, and we certainly do not leave the remains of an Ekpe chief unguarded. authority as head of the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society. Charles Ekpo Arthur Jarvis University, Akpabuyo, Nigeria The Cross River region is a vast socio-cultural mosaic which accommodates peoples of distinct ethnic, religious, social, economic and. two young foreign men to whom she gives the power to defeat her. [77] Women wore a number of brass rings on their legs and arms. "[29] Essien's criticism is supported by the fact that in some Efik trado-religious songs, Atakpor Uruan is greatly extolled. [81] Residents in Ekpe villages often go to the group to help them seek justice when theyve been wronged. The version of Sunjata we have read is not the only version because: No version was ever written down by a skilled jeli, since Mande traditional society considers any story written down to be "dead". [47] At the time of their exit from Creek town, the reigning monarch of Creek town was their half brother Oku Atai Atai Ema Atai. kp philosophy is grounded in "Cross River region concepts of community that include the living, the ancestors, and the land itself" [ Ekpe being] "a school for esoteric teachings [ revealing] ideal stages in a person's life [ in their growth to] maturity within their communities [ framing terrestrial experience within the context of the The Ekpe is a secret society that lives mostly in Nigeria and whose members are typically law enforcers and politicians. [23][24], The Oriental original is most popular among indigenous Efik historians such as E.U. ekpe society cameroon. In its vastness, the Ekpe is a well structured society with semi-caste characteristics, in that, there are categories and titles which one may qualify to be initiated into, while others are strictly reserved for persons of certain status and backgrounds. English language is spoken in the South-Western part of Cameroon. JavaScript is disabled. The remains will then be taken to Kepelle Village in Cameroon for burial after that. When you see Ibibio do not give him fire(to warm himself), when he is dry he will kill you, Multiple Deaths at Ndodoghi creek, Ema Atai Ema Atai, Priest-king, lost his sight in death, Joshua Project Efik of Nigeria Ethnic People Profile, Souvenir Programme of the Coronation Service of His Royal Highness Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V, Obong of Calabar and Paramount Ruler of the Efiks, Abridgement of the minutes of the evidence, "Souvenir programme of the Coronation of Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang Cobham V", "Cross river as a model for the evolution of Benue-Congo nominal class/concord systems", https://web.archive.org/web/20151222092842/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/pa-effiong-ukpong-aye-1918-2012/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Efik_people&oldid=1131332439, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 17:46. Only males can join, boys being initiated about the age of puberty. It described the religion, social, economic and political structures of the society as progressive and dynamic. According to Historians, this technique of indigo-dyeing was developed in the Dogon kingdom in Mali (West Africa) dating back to the 11th century. There are several theories regarding the origin of the Efik people. Miller's current book, Voice of the Leopard (UP of Mississippi, 2008), documents the little known history of the Cuban Abaku, a mutual-aid institution derived from the Ekpe (leopard) society of the Cross River region of Nigeria and Cameroon. [76] Palm wine is acquired by making an incision on the palm tree, a process known as "tapping". Goldie describes Eburutu as a country that consists of various ethnic groups. One of Thompson's pupils, Ivor Miller, has now produced a noteworthy study, concentrating specifically on one particular secret society, Ekpe, of the Cross River region of southeastern Nigeria and southwestern Cameroon; its transfiguration on Cuban soil into the Abakua society; and the ensuing effect of Abakua in shaping all aspects of the . One theory propounded by Okon and Nkpanam Ekereke asserts that the term "Efuk" was a word of defiance and an expression used by the Ibibio man when in a fit of rage. The year 1841 marked the official signing of papers by Efik kings to stop the exportation of slaves from Old Calabar. 2017). Law and order in Efik society was maintained via a number of secret societies. These they handcuffed, brought down to the canoes, and so proceeded up the river, till they got to the amount of 45, with whom they returned to New town, where sending to the captains of the shipping, they divided them among the ships.[56]. The masquerade tradition itself is most popular in Calabar and the Oron nation of Udung-Ukko, Mbo, Urue-Offong Oruko, Okobo, as well as the Eket and Uruan local government areas in Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria, and even western Cameroon. [26] Essien points out that Atakpor Uruan Inyang is one of the Efik deities and asserts that among the Uruan exists the saying "Ke Ndem Efik Iboku, Atakpor ke Ekuk", which can be interpreted to mean "Where there is the Efik deity, there is also Atakpor Uruan to share with it. Jeffreys also stated, "There is reason to believe that a considerable portion of a small Ibibio clan called Ebrutu or Eburutu was the earliest stock of the Efik; for, when the missionaries settled in 1846 at Old Calabar amongst these people for the first time, it was found that they called themselves not Efik but Ebrutu or Ebrutu Efik. [34] When the Uruan woman realised that Abasi had broken her axe, she insisted that the axe should be repaired. by Web Services Editor. Imhotep was a revered personality as he was believed to be with super powers of healing and influencing people and affairs of the community. It is not just because of its spiritual or cultic functions but for the fact that the institution was a pre-colonial police judiciary system (Bassey, 1998). Additional Touches Due to the Obutong massacre of 1765 and several other incidents, the Ekpe society of Old Calabar was transformed into the Abaku cult in Cuba, the Bonk cult in Bioko and the Abakuya dance in mainland Equatorial Guinea. The images, ideology, and secrecy associated with kp have been studied for more than one hundred years, and yet crucial features of the history of kp and its transformation have been neglected. Meat and fish are the major sources of protein in Efik cuisines. [59] According to Rev. Prior to the arrival of the missionaries in 1846, many Efik traders were fluent in English and a number of African and European languages. The Efik people occupy the basins of the Lower Cross River, down to southwestern Cameroon including Bakassi, the Calabar River and down to its streams - the Kwa River, Akpayafe (Akpa Ikang) and the Eniong Creek. The designs are part of a dynamic language known as nsibidi, which uses image and gestural performance to communicate knowledge guarded by society members. [33] Abasi's husband insisted that the problem should be resolved by the chiefs. Among these included Yams, Fufu and an unidentified type of black soup frequently mentioned in 19th century Old Calabar literature. kp lodges ruled local communities while also managing regional and long-distance trade. ugly and deformed, but predicted to be the mother of a great king. Updates? The Efik in Nigeria have Nkanda as the basic Ekpe whereas, in Cameroon we have Ekpe as the starting point in Ekpe. Long time we no look Man-of-War as Blount promise one Frenchman come make plenty palaver for slave when we can't get them. The dress is often worn with ornaments such as necklaces and earrings made of coral beads. It was worth every penny and made me feel like a kid again. Aye in 2000 does not mention the Efut as being the primary occupants. Collection of Eli Bentor. In the culture we have discussed, the term fadenya refers to: the relationship between father and child, and half siblings - requiring self-assertion, independence, innovation, and competition. The ethnic group to which most of the characters belong is the __________________people. Working with both kp and Abaku leaders, he has documented the foundation of the society in 19th . I bought a $140,000 mobile home in a million-dollar LA neighborhood and love it. Another account claimed that Efik people introduced the Ekpe between 1720 and 1729 during the initial migration of Calabar. Eli Bentor, Professor of Art History at Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina, speaks about the history of ukara cloth and moderates a discussi. Cameroon with the Ekpe cult. The Efik people speak the Efik language, which is a BenueCongo language of the Cross River family. Sunjata's half-brother, Dankaran Touman, enrages Sunjata and nearly causes civil war by: murdering an innocent young man, thinking he is Sunjata. nineteenth centuries, no large kingdoms controlled Nigeria and Cameroon's multilingual Cross River basin. http://Ekpesociety.blogspot.com; www.ekpe.org; http://Ekpesocietyusa.blogspot.com; http://ndiboyevengo.blogspot.com, Ekpe Society 1st Conclave from Sept 16 to 17 2009, Ekpe DC Sessekou relaxing during the conclave, Ekpe Society members with Justice Hilman Egbe at a MECA DC meeting, Ekpe Chief Maurice Enoh's funeral in Dallas on January 27th and 28th 2012, Maurice Enoh: The 1st Manyu Ekpe USA Sessekou to die in USA, Maurice Enoh returning from his crowning ceremony as Ekpe Chief in Kepelle Village, Ekpe-USA received at the Smithsonian Museum. Sunjata's sister, Kolonkan, angers her younger brother Manding Bori when she: uses her powers to take the internal organs from animals he and his brothers killed, without cutting the animals open. He views the Cuban initiation system known as Abaku, which was based on kp society, as a collective way for African descendants to maintain their historical memory. Eye of the Needle - Ken Follett 2015-07-07 The worldwide phenomenon from the bestselling author of The Pillars of the Earth, World Black Spirituality / Religion - General Discussion, http://odinanilawsofnature.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/finding-god-in-nature/, http://tourismafricana.com/origin-history-ekpe-soceity.html. Instead, each settlement had its own lodge of the . We thank you too much for what thing you come do for keep thing right. I'm still struggling to understand her choice. The Ekpo/Ekpe society is a significant part of the Ibibio political system. It is also used by the Igbo and Efik. [69] On the appending of the Ekpe institution to its list of secret societies, the Ekpe society was reformed and adapted to suit the needs of the Efik people. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world Known generally as Ekpe, Egbo, Ngbe, or Ugbe among the multi-lingual groups in the region, these closed groups all used the leopard as a symbol of masculine prowess in war and political authority in their various communities. The cloth is made of plain cotton but transformed into a ritual object when nsibidi symbols are inscribed onto it through indigo dyeing. Define monsoon, Sanskrit, raja, caste system, caste, Hinduism, reincarnation, karma, dharma, yoga, Buddhism, ascetic, nirvana. Several accounts have been narrated on the migration of the Efik before their arrival at Old Calabar. The Ekpe society most likely originated among the Efik people of southern Nigeria and from there spread across other tribes and language groups in Southern Nigeria. cherryblossom wrote on WARRIOR's profile. Festival organised by Global Music Exchange (ht. Photo by Eli Bentor. Posted on March 01, 2015 Cow meat was also consumed but the Efik native cow was rarely eaten or milked by the Efik. ekpe society cameroonworld market toblerone. The Ekpo society uses black masks, often of naturalistic appearance and with movable jaws, to maintain social order and propitiate the ancestors; some of these masks represent disease and deformity. . [33] Abasi was angered by the Uruan woman and cursed the Uruan people who started to punish her for her insubordination. The area from which the Sunjata Epic comes was historically: the geographical location of the great medieval African kingdoms - Ghana, Mali, and Songhai. The doomsday cult is a sinister transnational cult that has paved its way from the west and Asian world into some African countries including Uganda and South Africa. identity. . Membership in the Ekpe (Egbo), or Leopard, society, for example, available to wealthy men who can meet the expense involved, confers high social status and political authority; these men participate in ceremonies concerned with ancestral spirits and are believed to protect the community through magic and religious ritual. At Creek town, the Efik ruler was Efiom Ekpo Efiom Ekpo who had a number of children including Nsa Efiom, Edem Efiom, Okoho Efiom and Odo Efiom. [67] As of 1877, Alexander Ross reported that thirteen towns in the Cameroon region speak Efik and had an aggregate population of about 22,000. jamba juice turmeric smoothie recipe; sainsbury's locksbottom parking charges; ekpe society cameroon; June 11, 2022; small mortuary obituaries mobile, alabama . [46] On their exit from Obutong, they are believed to have sought the permission of Oku Atai to use the Ntinya. Mr. . Aye dates the arrival of the Efik in Creek Town to the fourteenth century. The Efik Language and Its Future. It was found in operation among a tribe down the coast towards Camaroons, but was improved and extended in its new field of operations.[60]. Written March 01, 2015 by Web Services Editor, Guarini School of Graduate & Advanced Studies, Copyright 2023 Trustees of Dartmouth College. Members of the Ekpe society are said to act as messengers of the Body art plays a major role in Ibibio art. The Osirica is a black Egyptian masonic order that existed in ancient Egypt. [19] Oku attests that it was the attack on the Efik that made them decide to leave Ikpa Ene as they realised they were still too close to their enemies. [39] At Ndodoghi, the Efik priest-king Ema Atai Ema Atai died and was succeeded by his son Eyo Ema Atai Ema Atai Iboku. [45] Eyo Ema's people occupied Otung in the south of Creek Town, Adim Atai and Ukpong Atai occupied the east and Efiom Ekpo's family occupied the Adakuko in the west. Efik traders could speak, write and read the English language. Names such as Okon became Hogan, Orok became Duke, Akabom became Cobham, Ene became Henry, Asibong became Archibong. Many families sent their children to European captains to teach them English and the processes involved in the international trade. . The three most popular theories include an Igbo origin, Ibibio origin and Palestinian origin. [64] It took several years before the town was rebuilt.[64]. The Internet has shone light on manysecret societies, rendering them not so secret. Large amounts of pepper was also uncommon in Efik cuisines. [78] Raffia palm clothing (Efik: f Ndam) could also be exported from other communities especially when a community made the best raffia clothing.