From the investigated material was defined that: A translation difficulty is a problem that could be met in the process of translation because a translation is the same text in a different language. Ive selected Holdens red hunting hat, the Museum of Natural History, and the Ducks in Central Park Lagoon. It was tried to give a detailed study of the features of translation difficulties. Holden has to be in the mood to do anything. Salinger is one of the best twentieth-century America authors. As Phoebe points out, Holden has misheard the lyric. There are different elements that are helpful in the presentation of all features that are presented in an analysis and one o the main steps that are taken in the identification of these important features are lexical pecularities and translation difficulties. What did Holden write Stradlater's composition about *? One group of polysemes are those in which a word meaning an activity, perhaps derived from a verb, acquires the meanings of those engaged in the activity, or perhaps the results of the activity, or the time or place in which the activity occurs or has occurred. The straightforward approach to his novel caused a hurricane of controversy in America. Learn which of the following circumstances usually comes before a period of economic contraction? New York: Harper & Row, 1989. http://www.bellmore-merrick.k12.ny.us/catcher.html; http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/catcher/facts.html. Separation of meanings and senses from the context, Despairing individual behaviors in the face of an unmanageable future, Objection of the traditional thoughts and the traditional moralities. These words express scientific and social-politic notions. and visits me practically every week-end. 2009, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/when-holden-writes-composition-for-stradlater-in-73535. He worshipped the memory of Allie,and he kept Allie's left-handed mitt in his suitcase. Absence of some corresponding word or lexical-semantic variant in both languages is also one of the reasons of applying additional words in translation. In the following analyses will be given some examples of slangs from the novel with the help of direct quotations. Occasional meanings, suddenly originated in the context are not always arbitrary it is based into the semantic structure of the word. Not with poetry, and not even with prose, where the difficulty is generally assumed to be less. J. D. Salinger needed to persuade the reader that Holden was capable of writing an entire "autobiographical" book, even though he was a poor student and was actually getting kicked out of school because of his bad grades. In both cases, we sense that although Holden envisions himself as the protector rather than the one to be protected, he is the one who really needs to be caught. A lot of literary critics saw in this novel an advance of the crazies Sixties, with rebel and revolutionary young people who didnt understand the fabulous society that adults had build. Robert Coles reflected general critical opinion of the author when he called Salinger "an original and gifted writer, a marvelous entertainer, a man free of the slogans and clichs the rest of us fall prey to". If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. of The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. He does not want to grow up and become phony like all the adults. First of all we should account for the techniques or the main pont of an analyse such as translation dificulties and lexical peculiarities that are used during the Modern Age for pointing out the most esential meaning of the writings that were written during the period. False cognates, by contrast, are similar words in different languages that appear to have a common historical linguistic origin (whatever their current meaning) but actually do not. support@phdessay.com. Lexical Pecularities and Translation Difficulties inThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D.Salinger. is a thesis that was chosen in order to identify these important features. This is the cause of much difficulty inthinking criticallyaboutclaims. The law of compensation is a technique used in translation to make up for the losses present in the TT and it works by (re)creating other effects, similar to the ones specific to the ST but in the TT when possible and using the TL resources, a law applicable in the Romanian versions discussed. This can be done on diachronic level: Chaucers text is translated into modern English. Transposition, thats, change of structure of the sentence may be caused by several reasons. Theyre quite touchy about anything like that, especially my father. However, Holden Caulfield and Asher. We are lucky to present you. Another problem is the transferred qualifier, or an epithet syntactically joined to a word to which it does not belong logically. He is a nonconformist. The writings of the Salinger become very important for this time period, because he goes against the grain of society to show how it is wrong. Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. For example: it was made a calques translation from miles an hour ; the places mentioned in the source text (Hollywood and New York) stay in the target text, although New York is translated into New York, which is the generally accepted Romanian translation (recognized translation). There are different kinds of difficulties that appear during the process of translation and one of the main is lexical difficulties which is one of the main .Lexical difficulties in translation deals especially with the word meaning. Holden questions why he should still be here, when he brother, who was smarter and kinder than him should be dead. The symbol of isolation lies in the hat that Holden wears while he is writing. But the main of them, as it has been mentioned before is the difference in the structure of the English and Romanian languages. Want 100 or more? Salinger seems to be almost identical to Holden in the story. In the end of researching this paper was established two interesting facts, the first is : The Catcher in the Rye can be strongly considered as one of the greatest novels of all time and Holden Caulfield distinguishes himself as one of the greatest and most diverse characters., The second is: Written translation as well as oral one presents itself a complex and manifold process. An important conclusion is that the law of compensation always functions in a translation, as also in the case of the discussed versions of Salingers novel. Holden then asks Stradlater who the girl he was dating was. It may have various kinds of lexical meanings (lexical-semantic) variants; it may widen or narrow its meaning and make it more abstract and concrete. Idiom more than any other feature of language demands that the translator be not only accurate but highly sensitive to the rhetorical nuances of the language. Throughout the novel The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger obtain numerous symbols that persist in the book. Sometimes only one of those meanings is intended, depending on context, and sometimes multiple meanings are intended at the same time. 125, No. The theme of the painfulness of growing up is very important in the book. J. D. Salinger used the simple epithet pretty lousy (J. Salinger uses loneliness also as a means to change in life. Most translation theorists agree that translation is understood as a transfer process from a foreign languageor a second languageto the mother tongue. E.G. J. D. Salinger used this epithet in order to make a comparison towards Holdens parents because in the beginning Holden showed to the reader a not positive one but old Spenser as the author describe this man point out to the reader that Holdens parents were good peoples. With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Contemporary met narratives were becoming less relevant in light of the implications of World War I, the rise of trade unionism, a general social discontent, and the emergence of psychoanalysis. This quote shows that Holden wants to protect kids. (Salinger 201). He has a cynical, oversimplified view of other people, and a large part of his fantasy world is based on the idea that children are simple and innocent while adults are superficial and hypocritical. Practically, even identical words in different languages are not always equal in their meaning, they never correspond completely. There is another kind of stylistic transformation actualization which involves transition of something simple into something unusual, strange. Through his work in The Catcher in the Rye, we can see Salinger's battle fatigue or post-traumatic stress disorder in his character, Holden Caulfield. It is clear in the early chapters,. Salinger uses much of the symbolism to show how the life of the characters has become happy. How did Holden know Stradlater's date, Jane Gallagher? Allie felt separate from his teammates while playing baseball. Ian Hamilton adheres to this view, arguing that while Salinger's early stories for the "slicks" boasted "tight, energetic" dialogue, they had also been formulaic and sentimental. There are a lot of Salinger pieces in the University of Texas, at Austins Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center rare books collection; although some contemporary critics see a clear progression in Salingers published works, they think that The Catcher in the Rye is so brilliant. The museum represents the world Holden wishes he could live in, a world where everything is simple, understandable, and indefinite. As you can see the theme of the painfulness of growing up is very prevalent throughout The Catcher In The Rye. Here, we see how deeply his desire for independence is connected to his feeling of alienation, to the bitterness he has for the rest of the world. Words in languages have some definite relation characteristic only to the given language. Once an idiom or fixed expression has been recognized and interpreted correctly, the next step is to decide how to translate it into the target language. Holden is a 16-year-old boy who is struggling with the aftermath of his younger brother's death. The problem is to find a translating expression. Modernist literature often features a marked pessimism, a clear rejection of the optimism apparent in Victorian literature. In short, must take into account all the above mentioned elements while translating the text. aldi chip shop curry sauce; 890 mountain home rd, woodside, ca 94062 owner; utica . Such statements may help us understand why the person committed the crime, however an uncritical listener may believe the speaker is trying to gain sympathy for the person and his or her actions. As the book progresses, however, we learn that Holden has built cynical psychological armour around himself to protect himself from the complexities of the world. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. But Holden cannot think of anything to say about a house or a room, so he writes about a baseball glove that his brother Allie used to copy poems onto in green ink. Idiom generally have three characteristics: Translation is an exacting art. Its a fine book, with interesting racial perspectives and the conflict is about cultural differences. In the wake of Modernism, and post-enlightenment, meet narratives tended to be emancipator, whereas beforehand this was not a consistent characteristic. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy, as in the case of Nine Stories, to achieve this liberation. We must think that the authors language was revolutionary, new and controversial at the time his first stories were published. False friends - are an umbrella term where some similarity between two words in a language pair dealt with look or sound sufficiently alike to sometimes make translators render the source word by a target word that is semantically wrong in that context. Another lexical peculiarity that was used in this writing is one of the types of the interaction of different types of lexical meaning and this type is an interaction of logical and emotive meaning. This is not always so obvious. Essay. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only does it because he is thinking about his dead brother and sees how he could write that "descriptive composition" about Allie. database? In much the same way arguments and explanations may be confused with each other, so too may explanations and justifications. This is the first time we learn who the true Holden Caulfield is and therefore is the most illuminating moment in The Catcher In the Rye. Salinger also shows his symbolism from other works through the work of Mark Twain. But lying to others is also a kind of phoniness, a type of deception that indicates insensitivity, callousness, or even cruelty. In. the English Literature by Stulov Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is equivalence of the syntagmatic structuring of a text, i.e. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Franny and Zooey, NY, Bantam1964: Goodman, Anne. For the first time, I can see a definite connection between the main character in the story and the author. Every citizen how the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Another interjection that was used by the writer is Hell, no! (J. D. Salinger:45)that was used in order to point out to the reader Holdens surprise and for showing that Holden was a boy that used in his vocabulary not well words for a boy who was a junior in the school. It has also expressed my belief that a literary translation should not compete with the original, its main task being that of recreating the same atmosphere and the same effect of the ST on the TT readers and to make the readers understand the original text no matter if they speak or do not speak the SL since it is said that a translation can even make native speakers of a language better understand a SL text. The Holy book gave him peace. The types of the lexical peculiarities and their meanig would be pointed out in the context of this reserch paper. Read more about the setting of The Catcher in the Rye. He likes it when things are very simple and easily understandable. Hes going to drive me home when I go home next month maybe. . Afterward, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater. SparkNotes PLUS Most of the novel describes his almost manic quest for companionship as he flits from one meaningless encounter to another. It is not important to classify the device itself but the point is to be able to realize their ongoing effect and to identify the purpose of their application in the translation they are working on. Holden likes his writing and talks about how he likes his writing and he supports him. Short Summaries of the Books . Sapir's thesis, endorsed later by Whorf, is related to the more recent view advanced by the Soviet semiotician; Lotman that language is a modelling system. Mad about Children." Holden's younger brother, Allie, had died of leukemia several years before, and Allie was one of the few people about whom Holden has nothing bad to say. The writer of the novelThe Cather in the Ray also used another interjection such as Yeah? Latest answer posted April 29, 2021 at 3:04:20 PM. It is, of course related to the development of a given languages and formation of its lexical system. This offends Stradlater, who refuses to answer. When studying the reality of some object can be identify that its name reveals its functions which finds the reflection in the semantics of the word. One of the fist stylistic devices that were used by the author in his novel The Cather in the Ray is characters speech. In this case it can go unnoticed in everyday conversation, like she attacked my views. Slang should be distinguished from jargon, which is the technical vocabulary of a particular profession. So they gave up looking.. As it turns out, Ackley and Brossard have already seen the film, so the trio simply eats some burgers, plays a little pinball, and heads back to Pencey. Not so. While it is appropriate to discuss the novel in such terms, Holden Caulfield is an unusual protagonist for a bildungsroman because his central goal is to resist the process of maturity itself. In The Catcher in the Rye, why does Holden like Mercutio (from Romeo and Juliet) so much? Killing time before his date with Sally, Holden decides to walk from Central Park to the Museum of Natural History. Quotation). places where he either grew up or which he knew; his use of well-established symbols throughout his fiction; his unique approach of religious themes and his use of Zen philosophy; his attachment to and protection for his characters. Holden realizes the irony that he is flunking out of Pencey, yet is still asked to do work for others. In English, gradation is based on rhythmical sequence; in Romanian, this device is logic-centered: the word, most important logically, is positioned in the end of the sequence. Intralinguistic transfer can also be illustrated by stylistic differentiation. You can view our. Holdens kindness to Ackley in Chapter 5 comes as a surprise after the disdain that Holden has displayed for him in the previous two chapters. Holden, traumatized and aware of the fragility of the life by his brother Allies death, Holden is terrified by the idea of change and disappearances. One difficulty in translation stems from the fact that most words have multiple meanings. Some of the major conclusions, differences or main observations between English and Romanian versions could be summarized as follows: The Romanian version uses more diverse ways of rendering Holdens speech habits or linguistic repetitions. The popularity of the novel and debate over its redeeming social value have never faltered since its initial publication, due in no large part to the fact that J.D. He does not connect with the people around him, but dwells on people who are memories, like Allie and Jane Gallagher. The third problem is the use of bilingual dictionaries. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. Holden says he fought on D Day. Holden is dealing with the loss of his brother, the fact that he his still a child on his way to adulthood and some serious emotions. The author wanted to show that with a kind of symbols, like religion or loneliness, life can be happy: a better life is possible. He wrote this terrific book of short stories, []. In the preparatory phase of a translation, cognition, in the form of self-consciousness and self-confidence, plays a very important role, inasmuch as this period implies conscious mental activities, where translating problems are detected and analyzed, and information and knowledge are accumulated. Intra-lingual translation or rewording (an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs in the same language). Then if he does it, he does it his way. What is Holden's view of women and girls in The Catcher in the Rye? These characteristics frustrate Holden, and they make Stradlater . Following the idea of transferring the jargon, its adopted an idiomatic translation: A translation strategy that consists of producing a target text that conforms to the conventions established in the target language and to the spontaneous form of expression commonly used by native speakers., This novel is one of the most famous American novels in the 20th century and is strongly bound to American society. A word is judged to be polysemous if it has two senses of the word whose meanings are related. What is possible in one language maybe impossible in another because of its difference in semantic structure and its usage? J. D. Salinger used a lot of epithets in his work The Cather in the Ray in order to present a good characteristic of the characters which are in the work and of the objects that he used in his work the epithets were used for pointing out to the reader some of the properties or features of the characters and of the objects with the aim of giving an individual perception and evaluation of these features or properties. Unless the target-language idiom corresponds to the source-language idiom both in form and in meaning, the play on idiom cannot be successfully reproduced in the target text. Summary: Chapter 6. He used to be just a regular writer, when he was home. Critics have argued the moral issues raised by the book and the context in which it is presented. . This shows that Holden wants to save him and other people from growing up one day. Salinger. Some have argued that Salinger's tale of the human condition is fascinating and enlightening, yet incredibly depressing. In order to achieve the main goal and to study these important features of this theme the following specific objectives must be considered. The conclusion is that although such cases of suppression or censure of the ST are not desirable or should never happen, in reality they do exist (and this chapter has offered some examples in point), but the fact that more and more people take interest in such situations may indicate that they may stop occurring in the future. For example attempts to justify a theft usually explain the motives (e.g., to feed a starving family). To this group belong international words, some words of human perception, mental activity. Afterwards, he smokes a cigarette in the room just to annoy Stradlater." He later gets into a fight with Stradlater over a crush . However, if Fred and Joe agree on the fact that the cat has fleas, they may further question why this is so and put forth an explanation: "The reason the cat has fleas is that the weather has been damp." Holden's definition of phoniness relies mostly on a kind of self-deception: he seems to reserve the most scorn for people who think that they are something they are not or who refuses to acknowledge their own weaknesses. Salingers writings deal with characters fulfilling their quest for happiness. While applying some grammatical or lexical transformation in translation the translator is guided by principle of rendering grammatical of lexical meaning. In the case of the "hammer and anvil" idiom, a lexical rendering could be "to be in an uneasy, stressing situation". But revealing these potentials of words is closely connected with the specificity of lexical-semantic aspects of every language and here forth we may observe the difficulty of translation of contextual meaning of words. When he finally gets around to writing Stradlater's composition, he only. His calls to Jane Gallagher are aborted for a similar reason: to protect his precious and fragile sense of individuality. The writings of Salinger, while they may have been excellent in style, have become very controversial for what he has portrayed in the society during this time period, The Catcher in the Ray is a writing of a well-known American writer J. D. Salinger that is marked by a lot of characteristics of Salinger writings. Holden will probably write it because he asks for details about the assignment. Some idioms are 'misleading'; they seem transparent because they offer a reasonable literal interpretation and their idiomatic meanings are not necessarily signalled in the surrounding text. Stuff (cloth), a type of cloth or fabric used to fill pillows and other items, Stuffing, a substance which is often placed in cavities of food items, Stuffed or preserved animals, created through the art of taxidermy. Latest answer posted February 26, 2021 at 10:56:04 AM. Recurring themes in Salinger's stories also connect to the ideas of innocence and adolescence, including the "corrupting influence of Hollywood and the world at large", the absence of connects between teenagers and "phony" adults, and the perceptive, precocious intelligence of children. Rev. The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year. Finally, idioms cannot be syntactically modified. These mistakes are caused not only by difference in their semantic structure but by the difference of their usage as well which demand lexical changes.
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