Frederick William Rueckheim was born in Japenzin, Germany, in 1846, but his loyalties, more specifically, rested with Prussia, as he fought for that side in the Prussian-Austrian War of 1866. Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. This song started climbing the charts. Not since figgy pudding has there been a treat like this oneconsistently sung about more often than its actually eaten. Cracker Jacks are still popular today. The real dogs name was Russell. Free shipping. to sell their product in slim waterproof cartons instead of expensive, bulky tins. It was certainly logical, therefore, that the trade character which we created should be a boy, jovial, happy, his arm full with three packages of his favorite confection. Cracker Jackis an American brand ofsnack food that consists ofmolasses-flavored,caramel-coated popcorn, andpeanuts, well known for being packaged with a prizeof trivial value inside. Its a far from Cracker Jacks Chicago heyday, when eager kids fished out an estimated 17 BILLION tiny prizes from the bottom of those boring cartons. Frederick Rueckheim was in desperate need of a total public relations resetfor the good of his family, his company, and future generations. On the show, Haley was best friends with his half-brother and current enemy, Lucas Scott. Since this article feels more like a thinly veiled advertisement than anything resembling real journalism, the truth is probably still somewhere between the cracks, but its a fun read nonetheless, and showcases Cracker Jacks emergence as the Rueckheims long awaited smash hit. Presidential coins, and Pretty Lady Pins. But then, it was a different time. Cracker Jack Animal Prizes - Vintage 1920s Sold Individually NelsosStuff (82) $12.00 Vintage Vending Machine, Gumball Miniature Plastic Toys, Prizes, Cracker Jack, 70s, 90s for Jewelry Making, Crafts, Project, Collection VintageFunland (1,704) $19.99 Children's Vintage card games - Cracker Jack Prize - Two Incomplete Games - Mixed Media Supply * Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000-calorie diet. good condition. During the mid-1960s, Cracker Jack released over fifty series of these "put-together" or "snap-together" prizes in varying themes including trophies, animals, purses, transportation vehicles, famous buildings, tops and rings. Details of a free-for-all battle royal that would have crowded the most agile comedy from the movie screens were described yesterday before a jury in Judge Robinsons municipal court,, Cracker Jack has always been the particular favorite of young folks,, It was certainly logical, therefore, that the trade character which we created should be a boy, jovial, happy, his arm full with three packages of his favorite confection. Vernon and the Parthenon. Finally, the NY Yankees learned that if you want to upset your fans, replace Cracker Jack with a comparable company in the stadium. Some of these books even have price guides for each collectible. At the time, Borden (which had already moved the administration offices to Columbus, OH) shuffled many of the factorys 400 workers into other facilities, including a company plant in suburban Northbrook. Starting in 1912, Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein began putting a prize in every box of Cracker Jack. [Harry] Roberts tried to wallop the chauffeur and Kimball received one from Nelson. Vintage 1920s-1930s Cracker Jack - Carnival Prize / Spirit Totems / Celluloid & Metal Vintage Toy Animal Collectibles / Curio / Oddity $24.00 Only 1 available Add to cart Star Seller. The endless array of colors during that era are beautiful. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. They are usually colorful and have a flat base enabling the figure to stand. In the 20s and 30s, a kid might get to the bottom of a box only to find a tiny diecast thinga hat, a boot, maybe a thimble or an iron (you can easily visualize little Timmys perplexed face). If you do not know any trivia about this song, you might be surprised to know that he wrote this song while riding the train to a gig in Manhattan. The reality, though, is that Cracker Jack was, from its earliest days, a product born on the battlefield of cutthroat capitalism. They feel its traditions, its ideals, and its ambitions. We just dont know anything about that presence, let alone any details on whether a prototype of Cracker Jack was being sold there. In the 1930s, the boxes contained presidential coins. 2023 by Andrew Clayman. Like almost all companies, businesses, and products, the packaging has changed over time. The cool thing was that the books had actual content that could be read, they were just not for show. Literally, if you just say the phrase the prize inside to most people, they will instantly know you are talking about Cracker Jacks and their wonderful prizes at the bottom of the box. While plastic toys were still produced for Cracker Jack, they were mostly made of softer, lighter-weight materials and by then, no metal or tins prizes were being developed. Thanks! stretch, RIP Harry. . [Women working in the filling room of the Cracker Jack plant, c. 1920]. Learn more Fifty Years The Cracker Jack Company, 1922, Cracker Jack Plant Closes Chicago Tribune, April 15, 1986, Cracker Jack Plants Draws Many Visitors Chicago Tribune, May 22, 1955, How Cracker Jack Came to Follow the Circus Into Town, by F. E. Ruhling, Printers Ink, Vol. The sailor boy on the box is named Sailor Jack, and he was designed or modeled after a real bow named Robert Rueckheim. . FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About Cracker Jack, Timeline - Key Dates in Over a Century of Cracker Jack, 1871 to 1909: The Early Years of Cracker Jack, 1920 to 1929: Cracker Jack and Me for Cracker Jack, 1930 to 1939: The Cracker Jack Mystery Club and C. Carey Cloud, 1940 to 1949: World War II and Cracker Jack, 1950 to 1959: Plastic Cracker Jack Prizes, 1960 to 1969: Cracker Jack Miniature Models and Books, 1970 to 1979: Cracker Jack Pinball, Mazes and Magic Slates. The plastic toys, figures, and charms comprise the majority of available Cracker Jack prizes today. SGD 24.67, SGD 29.02 Not just two bears, but friends who did everything together like bears playing baseball, fishing, or even climbing the Statue of Liberty! Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centres that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. The plant at 66th and Cicero remained in operation for more than 50 years in total, finally shutting down in 1986. In todays day and age, looking at a box of popcorn and nuts might seem old-fashioned or even odd, as most snack food comes in air-tight plastic packaging. According to Wikipedia, Cracker Jack owners Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein registered a trademark for the mascots in 1919. . And because every boy should have his dog for a pal, we gave the Cracker Jack boy his Bingoa hybrid pup of questionable pedigree, but just the sort that every boy loves., It was simply an application of the lessons of the war to business,, The determination to keep up the morale of the fighting force. I have found up to 4 items that were not sold. It was simply an application of the lessons of the war to business, Ruhling wrote. Cracker Jack, as of yet, wasnt even on the radar. .. Your email address will not be published. By 1873, Brinkmeyer was politely elbowed out of the business, and Frederick summoned his younger brother Louis Rueckheima recent veteran of still another war (Franco-Prussian)to follow his path and join him in Chicago. And for the German immigrants who created ita pair of brothers accused of everything from child labor abuses to outright treasona legacy of cuddly American patriotism was truly earned the hard way. As legend would have it, the snack that would become known as "Cracker Jack" was introduced to the world courtesy of 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, the first World's Fair in Chicago. Details about Vintage 1920's 1930's Cracker Jack Prize Toy METAL BINOCULARS CHARM Premium Fashion flagship store Deals of the day up to 25% off Cheap Bargain chogaomientay.com, US $29.98 Very good condition, Offering chic and stylish flagship products. Fast, Free Shipping and Returns Details about Vintage 1920's 1930's Cracker Jack Prize Toy . After Eckstein developed the "waxed sealed" package facilitating national distribution of Cracker Jack, Rueckheim Bros. & Eckstein experimented with including free prizes in random Cracker Jack boxes. During this time, they also copyrighted the slogan "The more you eat, the more you want.". Werner later left his brushes behind and became a vice president and treasurer of the Cracker Jack Co. [Worldly sophisticate Laura Rueckheim married her own portrait artist, the well-to-do painter Frank Werner of Akron, OH]. He hauled popcorn to Manson Iowa to Sheila Bs popcorn. That obviously wasnt the most unbiased reporting in the world, but such were the times. These coupons were for items that adults would enjoy, especially women. Nelson quipped something back at her, and the rumble was on. Cracker Jack started its "prize in every box" promotion on this day in history, Feb. 19, 1912. Can anyone tell me if alphabet dangles were NOSCO or other maker? They also included mail-in coupons that customers could redeem to receive or purchase items via mail. Picture 1 of 4. Cracker Jacks enduring place in the culture is clearly rooted in an appealingly folksy brand of nostalgic Americana. Sie suchen nach einem 70413 lego, das Ihren Ansprchen gerecht wird? was certainly in business in 1893, and it makes sense to presume they had some sort of presence at the Exhibition. On April 17, 1917right in the middle of the wara Chicago paper called The Day Book reported on a disturbing altercation at the Cracker Jack factory between Rueckheim and representatives from the Illinois Field Hospital corps. It was engineered to feel that waya strategic campaign to hook customers, defeat the competition, and motivate merchants. Manufacturer: Unknown. If you do, you will part with your money easy., As luck would have it, Louis Rueckheim [pictured], a Chicago candy manufacturer, recently hit upon a very bright, new idea in confections. I would say the alphabet prizes of course: Alphabat Animals, Alphabet Dangles, Tin Alphabet Stand-Ups, Alphabet Lenticulars. Sailor Jack and his image were so important to Frederick Rueckheim that he had this image carved onto his tombstone. Also, in todays market, you would assume that a song with lyrics, buy me some peanuts and Cracker Jack, was undoubtedly part of an advertising deal with the company; it was not. Though not often, it's possible to get a "put-together" or "snap-together" Cracker Jack prize still "on the sprue" or, in other words, not broken apart and assembled. Your privacy is important to us This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience. Created with WordPress. He hauled popcorn to Manson Iowa to Sheila Bs popcorn. The new version of the snack food was released in 1896, the same year that it got it's name--Cracker Jack. In the shows third episode, one of the main characters, Nathan Scott, opens a box of Cracker Jack and gives the prize to his tutor, Haley James. And because every boy should have his dog for a pal, we gave the Cracker Jack boy his Bingoa hybrid pup of questionable pedigree, but just the sort that every boy loves.. What Type of Cracker Jack Collector Are You? You, and all of us, know that the business could not have lasted and prospered as it has if its foundation were not based on the rock of truth and fair dealing., The plant is as immaculate and orderly inside as outside,, Eight hundred persons are employed in the production and packaging of Cracker Jack and marshmallows [by now, the Campfire brand was in circulation]. Morale is as important in business as in battle. Twenty-five percent of all the popcorn on the planet ended up in Cracker Jacks kettles, and so, to keep pace, the new leadership convinced a now 84 year-old Fred Rueckheim Sr. to agree to the construction of a brand new $1.5 million complex in the Clearing Industrial District at 4800 W. 66th Street. Collecting toys in a Cracker Jack box became serious business. It was shortly after the Great Chicago Fire and Fritz, as Frederick was known, had invested his hard-earned savings into a new beginning that would become a family business and, eventually, a snack brand empire. Of course, when those same diecast molds wound up as Monopoly game pieces a wee bit later, it was no coincidence. Theres pretty much zero chance it went down like that, either. However, they made out like bandits. by Jeffrey Maxwell Sat Dec 22, 2012 10:26 pm, Post On the back it says published by the Cracker Jack Co., Peoria, Harrison and Sangamon Streets, Chicago, USA Thank you for any help you could send me. Cracker Jack produced different series of books including a set of 20 encyclopedia books, a psuedo magazine providing a kid's view of the future called "Hello! However, the Cracker Jack Box was actually innovative. Cracker Jack produced a myriad of plastic figures in the 1950s. Sacrilege! FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About Cracker Jack, Timeline - Key Dates in Over a Century of Cracker Jack, 1871 to 1909: The Early Years of Cracker Jack, 1920 to 1929: Cracker Jack and Me for Cracker Jack, 1930 to 1939: The Cracker Jack Mystery Club and C. Carey Cloud, 1940 to 1949: World War II and Cracker Jack, 1950 to 1959: Plastic Cracker Jack Prizes, 1960 to 1969: Cracker Jack Miniature Models and Books, 1970 to 1979: Cracker Jack Pinball, Mazes and Magic Slates. Rueckheim denies unpatriotic motives, though he admits he simply must keep that picture of Von Hindenberg on his desk while he makes Cracker-Jack for the American nation.. In 1964, Borden purchased Cracker Jack. This new form of packaging enabled the Rueckheims to easily ship "fresh" Cracker Jack throughout the United States. You can also contiribute on Patreon for on. Suddenly, no one wanted to watch a live baseball game without enjoying a box of Cracker Jack. In 1896, Cracker Jack was still distributed in huge wooden tubs and sold primarily in bulk to retailers. Selling popcorn bricks out of a tiny office on East Van Buren Street, the brothers were determined to use their German ingenuity to out-hustle the competition. In today's market, these types of prizes can be purchased from Ebay, often already assembled and sometimes glued together or with missing parts. The "candied popcorn and peanuts" became a popular treat, but was criticized for being too sticky, too hard. without dying in the process. . Nearly everybody has a sweet tooth, which keeps the manufacturers busy, working up new schemes for captivating the popular taste. However, the most popular categories of prizes belonged the Western or space variety. . This made the stuff exceedingly more edible. Is there a library of archived Cracker Jacks prizes. It's clear that the intended market for Cracker Jack are kids, both big and small. Vintage 1960's Yellow Daisy Clip-On Earrings $ 15.00. . Dentists, for example, would pass out business cards with a charm attached so clients would inevitably save the card, thereby remembering the specific doctor. Since the inception of "A Prize in Every Box" in 1912, Cracker Jack included the toy item or premium mixed in package with the candied popcorn and peanuts. For these determined Germans, several decades of calculated product development had helped them realize the full potential of the proverbial American dream, and they embraced all the perks that came with it. Company president Paul D. Allman said sales of Cracker Jack currently are twice as large as in the pre-war peak year of 1927., Cracker Jack Plants Draws Many Visitors . Then they tasted the hot stuff, rolled their eyeballs in pleased astonishment, and exclaimed: Das ist ausgezeichnet! Thats how Cracker Jack was discovered.. World War II brought about the greatest change in Cracker Jack prize creation. While sought after by current Cracker Jack collectors, according to Jaramillo, the Cracker Jack fanbase of the 1960s considered these prizes "too complex" and Borden discountinued them. Among the most favored of these prizes were plastic pinball games and maze puzzles. The flat plastic figure with a base is typically called a "stand-up" or "flats" and come in various colors. (20% off), Sale Price SGD 24.67 Well, I should guess yes! Cracker Jack was immortalized in the song "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" which included the memorable line "Buy me some peanuts and Cracker Jack" in the chorus. Though little is known about Fred and Louis Rueckheims actual reaction to this Take Me Out phenomenon, it seemed to at least open their eyes to some more promotional possibilities outside the usual norms. What Type of Cracker Jack Collector Are You. Plastic Cracker Jack figures are easy to collect. No damage. From now on, Cracker Jack consumers with find a QR code inside the small. Arrives by Feb 6-13 if you order today. No amount of bad press, however, could rival the nightmare that began to unfold around the Rueckheim clan in the spring of 1917. This included hiring as many as 200 child laborers in the early 1900san offense that wasnt always blatantly illegal at the time, but which got the Rueckheims cited on numerous occasion for hiring workers below the allowable age of 14most of them girls. Id like to know where was the popcorn farm. They are conscious of the responsibility The Cracker Jack Co. owes to the public and to the industry. When the song subsequently became the years biggest hit, nobody was more blindsided than the guys at the Rueckheim offices. Also memorable were toys made of tin or metal, this included a set of pressed tin coin banks as well as miniature furniture, some plainly painted while others lithographed. Plastic Cracker Jack prizes are represented by all topics and themes including animals, transportation vehicles, various sports, and Western figures. Measures: 1" long x 285164170414 ANTIQUE VINTAGE C. 1920's Cracker Jack Carved Prize Charm Elephant with Compass - $40.80. These guys were smart. Yes, most of those winnings wound up in dusty desk drawers and the spaces between seat cushions, but for a diehard community of modern-day collectors, theyre still a tangible gateway to a happy past. Did it sell? It is believed that the name came from the fact that the words cracker jack was slang at the time, and the definition of cracker jack was something excellent or pleasing. No damage. Post Today, a full set of the 1914 or 1915 collection can fetch $100,000. Even the firm hadnt expected the new candy to become a sudden fad. Even among its true devotees, a decision to buy a box of Cracker Jacks has generally been more about unearthing the prize inside than enjoying the snack itself. Frederick Rueckheim and his second wife Ola became figures of Chicago high society, and daughter Lauraan opera singer trained by the best instructors in Berlinmade international headlines when she married her personal portrait artist, Frank Werner, whod already won acclaim for his painstakingly romantic depiction of her. The result? Did it sell? This led to the introduction of plastic Cracker Jack figures midway through the 1940s. The business never had been adequately financed. 1871 to 1909: The Early Years of Cracker Jack, 1910 to 1919: A Prize in Every Box of Cracker Jack, 1920 to 1929: Cracker Jack and Me for Cracker Jack, 1930 to 1939: The Cracker Jack Mystery Club and C. Carey Cloud, 1940 to 1949: World War II and Cracker Jack, 1950 to 1959: Plastic Cracker Jack Prizes, 1960 to 1969: Cracker Jack Miniature Models and Books, 1970 to 1979: Cracker Jack Pinball, Mazes and Magic Slates, Cracker Jack 1950s Alphabet Animal Figures. A timed release then dropped the peanuts and molasses into an awaiting kettle of popcornall sourced from Cracker Jacks own private popcorn farm in Odebolt, Iowa (largest of its kind in the world). Not listed in the book Cracker Jack Toys by Larry White from Schiffer Books, but, was in with a collection of CJ p   Singapore   |   English (UK)   |   $ (SGD), remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalised search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy. Very obscure names also. Thank you! Cracker Jack Prizes from the 1920s. Vintage 1920's/30's Cracker Jack Metal Green Shoe Toy Prize Premium Charm . Please leave a review or any memories of this snack in the comments at the bottom of this page. Already established as a boss who didnt particularly enjoy unexpected visitors to his office, Frederick Rueckheimnow at the ripe old age of 71had grown even more curmudgeonly in his later years. It is a trade character, designed to appeal to children, to work its way into their memory and make friends of them. or "that's excellent!" And they dont care if they never get back. 1920's Cracker Jack Toy Prize Elephant with Compass. Instead, they rebuilt and upgradedinstalling more advanced machines for automation and greater efficiency. These are indeed trying times for all of us, he said, but especially for those of us of German birth. After explaining that he would happily welcome recruitment officers into the factory during appropriate business hours, and that the Von Hindenburg picture was merely part of a collection of pictures of all the major rulers of countries embroiled in the war (still weird), Rueckheim finally resorted to defending his honor as an American. Prizes & Charms, Cracker Jack Pink Collectible Advertising Premiums, Prizes & Charms, Cracker Jack Green Collectible Advertising Premiums, . To enable personalised advertising (like interest-based ads), we may share your data with our marketing and advertising partners using cookies and other technologies. Company president Paul D. Allman said sales of Cracker Jack currently are twice as large as in the pre-war peak year of 1927.. SGD 5.56, SGD 6.95 Then followed an eager consultation with the foreman of his composing room, and immediately they fixed up the first batch of the new candy. The Rueckheims, both still in their 30s, could have assessed the damage, counted their losses, and called it a day. Cocoanut Corn Crisp was really just a subtle variation on the well established Cracker Jack formula (Americas proto junk food), adding coconut flakes to the Chicago companys trademark mixture of peanuts, popcorn, and molasses. What Type of Cracker Jack Collector Are You? This led to the introduction of plastic Cracker Jack figures midway through the 1940s. As previously mentioned, Rueckheim started selling what is now known as Cracker Jack on the streets of Chicago in 1872. Now, in an effort to feed the determined folks rebuilding the city, Rueckheim put up his stash of cash to re-establish Brinkmeyers business. First, Louis Rueckheim figured out how to prevent the individual morsels from sticking together into a coagulated gooey messsome sort of barrel rotation trick. Fritz had emigrated to America from Germany at the age of 14 to work as a farm laborer. You, and all of us, know that the business could not have lasted and prospered as it has if its foundation were not based on the rock of truth and fair dealing., [Cracker Jack factory at Harrison and Peoria Street, 1920], During this new wave of the 1920s, when the Cocoanut Corn Crisp in our collection was introduced, the companys primary Chicago facility occupied a whole city block, located at the corner of Harrison Street and South Peoria. SOCCER BRAND NEW 10334 2021 WALL CALENDAR, VTG LOT OF 20 MIXED COLOR CRACKER JACK GUMBALL MACHINE PLASTIC SMILEY RINGS, Lexus patch 5.5" x 1.5" gold on gold heat seal iron on or sew on. Largest of its Kind grown in Odebolt? Linda Bettin, 2020, As a Northsider this is forever associated with Harry Carays 7th inning (7th Budweiser?) by Luke Tue Nov 06, 2012 9:26 am, Post In 1893 it was introduced at the World Fair in Chicago. Offering Cracker Jack for sale is like baiting a hook. 1920s Prize Fish Charm, 1 3/16" long, both sides detailed. Roughly a week later, Rueckheimthe former Prussian soldierspoke to the press and defended himself more vigorously against charges of treasonous allegiances. $9.99 + $4.15 shipping. Because of this and his remarkable invention, he became a partner in the company in 1902 (three years after his invention). Still, a popular teen drama literally built a whole relationship around the prize in a box of Cracker Jack. Cracker Jack has arrived. The Cracker Jack slogan may have been "The more you eat, the more you want," but for Cracker Jack prize hoarders the slogan may as well have been "The more you collect, the more you want to collect.". by Jeffrey Maxwell Mon Nov 26, 2012 1:40 am, Post When Cracker Jack was first sold in boxes, it was alone in this type of packaging. Prizes & Charms, Cracker Jack Silver Collectible Advertising Premiums, Prizes & Charms, Cracker Jack Black Collectible Advertising Premiums, Prizes & Charms; Vintage Valentine's Day Card From the 1920s $ 12.00. Check out our of cracker jack prize selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Second, a new addition to the company, Henry G. Eckstein, came up with a way to better preserve the freshness and crispness of the snack for those long shipments back to the east coast. It was among good company that year as several other world-famous things debuted at that fair, including ice cream cones, Aunt Jemima pancakes, and the Ferris Wheel. Through hard work he saved $200 and used that money to open a popcorn stand with an elderly man who had lost his shop in the Great Fire. Rueckheims adventures in the New World got off to an inauspicious starthe was instructed to meet up with his uncle in the Chicago-adjacent town of Washington Heights, where hed have work awaiting him on a farm. However, would you be surprised to learn that customers did not always get a prize with their box of Cracker Jack? One of the more interesting sets of Cracker Jack put-together prizes is the one devoted to buildings, some famous and others mundane. Louis, conveniently enough, found his own calling in the candy sciences, and Rueckheim & Bros official brand of Reliable Confections was developed, complete with a trademark R logo that would remain in use for more than 50 years. The determination to keep up the morale of the fighting force. Two years in, it burned to the groundall equipment, all raw materials, gone. You can eat as much as you like! Thats how the Cracker Jack Company marketed its new Cocoanut Corn Crisp to America in 1928, assuring all snackers that these luscious lumps of goodness were healthful, pure, and wholesome. Not being a doctor or nutritionist, I cant speak to these claims 90 years after the fact, but I am going to guess they were slightly inaccurate. Since then, the song has become North American baseball's unofficial anthem forever cementing baseball and Cracker Jack, the all-American pair. Please leave a review or any memories of this snack in the comments below. Their new business, established as F. W. Rueckheim & Bro., was essentially born right alongside the rise of the new Chicago. It opened in 1931, brashly laughing in the face of the Great Depression. The rectangular-shaped Cracker Jack prizes distributed during this decade included cardboard construction sets, tattoo booklets, joke and riddle mini books, iron-on patches and "magic slates" pads. The prize inside Cracker Jacks box has tons of cultural references. For many, it's inconceivable to consider a Cracker Jack prize collection without plastic. I propose to run this factory according to my ideas, not yours. At the same time, the jobbers, or middle men, each took Cracker Jack along to show to the retail confectioners, the grocers, and the druggists. (15% off), Ad vertisement from shop VintageAndJewelsShop. At this time, they replaced the coupons with a small prize in each box. Since its creation in the late 1800s, Chicago had always been the home of Cracker Jack.
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