Each student should be encouraged to accept responsibility for contributing to the discussion and benefiting from it. The constant use of "What If?" The chapter begins with practical strategies flight instructors can use to enhance their instruction, the demonstration-performance training delivery method of flight instruction, integrated flight instruction, positive exchange of flight controls, use of distractions, obstacles to learning encountered during flight training, and how to evaluate After the presentation, the instructor should allow time for questions and a summary of key points, Computer-generated slide shows have changed the way information is presented to todays student. For example, basic map reading is a perishable skill that should be practiced often. They learn by applying what they have been told and shown. It is used for study, training, or testing in place of the real object, which is too costly or too dangerous, or which is impossible to obtain. Immediately thereafter, the instructor should have the student attempt to perform the maneuver, coaching as necessary. On the other hand, CAL is a useful tool for aviation instructors. If it is confusing to one person, it will be confusing to others and should be corrected, Criteria are the standards that measure the accomplishment of the objective. In addition to the necessary steps, the instructor should describe the end result of these efforts. E-learning can be as basic as an online college course taken via e-mail or as sophisticated as refining flight techniques in a helicopter simulator, Time flexible, cost competitive, learner centered, easily updated, accessible anytime, and anywhere, e-learning has many advantages that make it a popular addition to the field of education. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. [Figure 4-8], In the teaching lecture, simple rather than complex words should be used whenever possible. The second activity is the instructors supervision, Student performance requires students to act and do. The nature of the questions should be determined by the lesson objective and desired learning outcomes, Once the discussion is underway, the instructor should listen attentively to the ideas, experiences, and examples contributed by the students during the discussion. Recordings of sounds and speeches should be tested for correct volume and quality in the actual environment in which they will be used. In a guided discussion, the instructor guides the discussion with the goal of reinforcing a learning objective related to the lesson. The behavior can be physical and overt, or it can be intellectual or attitudinal." It could be a private pilot certificate, an instrument rating, or an AMT certificate or rating. The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. The overhead question is directed to the entire group to stimulate thought and response from each group member. If writing has been previously prepared, it should be covered and then revealed one step at a time, If necessary, use a ruler, compass, or other devices in making drawings, Use the upper part of the board. An experienced instructors knowledge and skill regarding methods of instruction may be compared to a maintenance technicians toolbox. research. February 15, 2022 a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. In brief, the introduction is made up of three elements: attention, motivation, and an overview of what is to be covered, The purpose of the attention element is to focus each students attention on the lesson. Measured in number of people in the profession, teaching is one of the worlds largest professions. The give and take of the discussion method also helps students learn to evaluate ideas, concepts, and principles. However in the teaching lecture, the feedback is not nearly as obvious and is much harder to interpret. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. For the independent instructor setting, the instructor may need to select and prepare instructional aids. Instructional CDs and DVDs, in comparison, are perceived as much less exciting and less stimulating visually. Leadoff questions should usually begin with how or why. It should be noted that PTS and O&P standards are limited to the most critical job tasks. Whatever type of projected training aid used, it is essential for the content to be current and support the lesson, Use of projected materials requires planning and practice. The instructors tools are teaching methods. Unlike other forms of projected material, CDs and DVDs can also be played on a laptop computer, On the other hand, CDs and DVDs offer their own disadvantages. There are several points at which assessments can be made: before training, during training, and after training. It normally includes statements of objectives, descriptions of teaching aids, definitions of assessment criteria, and indications of desired outcome, A determination of objectives and standards is necessary before any important instruction can be presented. Participants in a class may be located on different continents, yet share the same teaching experience. VR uses graphics with animation systems, sounds, and images to reproduce electronic versions of real-life experience. Remember, the computer has no way of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene when necessary, Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged with the instruction by doing something meaningful which makes the subject of study come alive. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. The selection of a graph for use in any given situation depends upon the type of information the instructor wants to convey, Charts, diagrams, and graphs can be used effectively to show relationships, chronological changes, distributions, components, and flow. Indications from the studies vary greatlyfrom modest results, which show a 10 to 15 percent increase in retention, to more optimistic results in which retention is increased by as much as 80 percent. Although some schools and independent instructors may develop their own syllabus, in practice, many instructors use a commercially developed syllabus that already has been selected by a school for use in their aviation training program. For example, a laboratorytype environment may be configured with separate study areas for each student. A customer wants a tail strobe light installed on his Piper Cherokee 180. He is flying the four of them to the "big" football game. This is a good indication that the original version was confusing to that person. Many scenarios were coupled to the maneuver until the student not only had the requisite skills, but also related them to many conditions where they would be needed. The aids should be concentrated on the key points. If the applicant has a medical condition affecting his or her ability to demonstrate that he or she meets the FAA AELS, the flight instructor discontinues the process and refers the individual to the FSDO and the appropriate FAA medical flight instructor determines if an applicant can demonstrate the ability to meet English language requirements. In many cases, these terms are used interchangeably, but there are important differences, A curriculum is a set of courses in an area of specialization offered by an educational institution. Enhanced training materials that include these benchmarks can help aviation instructors complete, endorse, and document required training, For example, the training syllabi represent enhanced training material and contain provisions for instructor endorsements and recordkeeping. In its basic form, CAL is a combination of more than one instructional media, such as audio, text, graphics, and video (or film) usually shown on a PC, With CAL, the roles of both student and instructor change. In addition, they can be drawn on a chalk or marker board and can be duplicated. There is general agreement about certain factors that seem pertinent to understanding the use of instructional aids, During the communicative process, the sensory register of the memory acts as a filter. In recent years, video (VHS, compact disks (CDs), digital video disks (DVDs), or computer files), and computer slide shows incorporating text, graphics, video, and animations, have pushed aside traditional training aids. To ensure clarity and variety, the instructor should normally use sentences of short and medium length. A good visual aid can help the instructor show the students the path that they are to travel. For example, the specific words, "a leak in the fuel line" tell more than the general term "mechanical defect", Another way the instructor can add life to the lecture is to vary his or her tone of voice and pace of speaking. A participant lacking SBT instruction must search his or her memory to link a maneuver to a situation, The incorporation of SBT as part of the lesson is discussed in more detail later in this chapter, as well as in Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, Decision-based objectives are designed specifically to develop pilot judgment and ADM skills. Refer to Chapter 6, Planning Instructional Activity, for detailed information on requirements for an aviation training syllabus and the building-block concept for curriculum development, The main concern of the instructor is usually the more manageable task of organizing a block of training with integrated lesson plans. While the instructor should have the answer in mind before asking the question, the students need to think about the question before answering. Whenever possible, the instructor should use specific rather than general words. First, it will familiarize flight instructors with the FITS program, including its history, objectives, methods, and future goals. The video adds a multimedia element to the lecture, is a good attention getter, and can be used to visually demonstrate the learning objective, Even the most knowledgeable instructor must properly organize the material. This usually involves the term behavioral objective, although it may be referred to as a performance, instructional, or educational objective. It also may be difficult to find good programs for certain subject areas, and the expense associated with the equipment, software, and facilities must be considered. An effective instructor understands what can be realistically achieved within the allotted time, makes the best use of the time available, allows enough time for what must be done, preserves contingency time to handle the unexpected, and minimizes stress by not planning too much for the allotted time, Management skills also come into play for the aviation instructor who is teaching a class of students. Of even more significance is that the same data also suggest that SBT students demonstrate better decision-making skills than maneuver based studentsmost likely because their training occurred while performing realistic flight maneuvers and not artificial maneuvers designed only for the test, Research also indicates SBT may lead to improved piloting and navigation skills over traditional maneuver-based training techniques.