An ethnologist and linguistic expert, Washington Matthews, is one of the very few people who wrote extensively about it in his book The Night Chant, which was published in 1902. The Night Chant or The Yeibitchai Dance is one such ceremony for which you may not come across a lot of detailed descriptions. Condition: appears to be in original condition but has not been examined out of the frame. Log in, Navajo rugs: More than just a pretty base | Arizona Sonora News Service, AUTHENTIC NAVAJO WEAVING Toh-Atin Gallery : I'd Order That. She has always wanted a Navajo rug and this is the year! Site content 1998-2023 Adobe Gallery. GENERAL REGION:North American In the 19th century, a Yeibichai dance team would consist entirely of men. Date: 1900: Source: Photo by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) Author: USA, 1900. Copyright Office) before January 1, 1928. https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse. (4,541 3,448 pixels, file size: 9.67 MB, MIME type: Edward Curtis; E. S. Curtis; Edward Sheriff Curtis; E.S. You can findNative American beaded purses, coffee mugs, jewelry, and more. One of the most popular regional styles of Navajo weaving has always been the Yei and Yeibichai. You have some really great narratives that go with your rugs. Now youll recognize the next Yeibichai dancers Navajo rug that you see! Listen as Steve describes this rug in the video below. The latest news, articles, and resources sent to your inbox weekly. The large rug measures 5' x 8' and can be seen in detail at: http://bit.ly/nrg-ght794It is part of the Woven Holy People Show at Nizhoni Ranch Gallery. Water Sprinkler can be identified by the three eagle feathers above his blue mask. AGE: ca. These finely-crafted wall hangings depict the participants in the mesmerizing Yeibichai dance, the evening conclusion of a nine-day healing rite called the Nightway. The Yei Be Chei dancers are the human impersonators who perform the ceremonies. Weaving representing the Night Chant ceremony with Yeibichai dancers. The Yei Bi Chei (also spelled Ybichai) is a sacred night dance of the Din (commonly but improperly called Navajo) people of the southwestern United States. The Lukachukai Navajo Indian rugs are thicker, nubbier, and coarser. They are: Even though an extremely demanding ceremony, Night Chant plays a pivotal role in Navajo life, and just one blog is not enough to explain all the rites and rituals associated with it. All or some of the above mentioned deities NAVAJO YEI BE CHEI (Yeibichai) The Yei Be Chei dancers are the human impersonators who perform the ceremonies. Yeibichai 5 Navajo Female Yeibichai Dancer Dolls 19.5cm ,, I . Tsihnahjinnie was born near Chinle, Arizona in 1916. Edward S. Curtis. Charley's Navajo Rugs for Sale is proudly powered by WordPress Yei weavings tend to have When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS: California law requires that we charge sales tax on all shipments to California addresses. Regardless of the monetary value of your artwork, if it is personally meaningful, you should consider having the object conserved. Curator Mary Savig details an artists journey to create the powerful performance work Metabolizing the Border that explores the physical and psychological experiences migrants face while crossing the borderlands. In the early 1920s, Storm Navajo Rugs Africa and people will appear in a yeibichai weaving, typically in a He attended elementary school at the Indian School at Fort Apache, but ran away and returned back to the reservation. ceremony. The ceremony ends with thechanting of the Bluebird Song which celebrates the happiness and the peace that the bluebirdsymbolizes. These Yei, Yeibichai, and sandpainting textiles have been the most sought after by collectors and the least studied by scholars. It doesnt take any expertise to realize that Navajo rugs are beautiful works of art. Adobe Gallery reserves reproduction rights to all images and content on this website. Chief Blanket Rugs Mix - Navajo: Night Chant, Yeibichai Dance n/a, Ben Hudson Begay, Quartet, and more 26 Authentic Music Of The American Indian Various Artists Updated 3 days ago The Indian Road - The Best of. He also carries a kit fox pelt in his hand and wears a concho belt around his waist and moccasins. For more on the Yei Bi Chei, see Berard Haile, Head and Face Masks in Navaho Ceremonialism (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1996). OTHER MATERIALS: wood; pigment; dyed wool. Lukachukai was accepted during the 1950s as a second region or style center of Yei and Yeibichai Navajo Indian weavings. depiction of the holy Navajo beings. Yeibichai Dancers with Medicine Man and Patient, Exploring Border Stories with Artist Tanya Aguiiga, https://edan.si.edu/saam/id/object/1997.124.103A-Q. The masked dancer personifies the god represented. This page was last edited on 12 July 2021, at 16:45. Curative ceremonies, with long song cycles, are emphasized by the Navajo, along with circular social dances, recalling those of the Great Plains tribes. The ceremony also involves a dance with fourteen people: six men, six women, a dancer representing the Talking God, and one representing the Water Sprinkler. Caribbean Every year near the holiday season, Adobe Gallery in Santa Fe, New Mexico, holds its Native American Nacimientos exhibition. The Yei Bi Chei(also spelled Ybichai) is a sacred night dance of the Din (commonly but improperly called Navajo) people of the southwestern United States. Sandpainting Rugs The leader of the dancers is Talking God, the feather headdress dancer to the left. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. There are male and female Yeibichai. Yeibichai rugs generally depict the dancers from the side and in motion. A new Native American-owned art gallery is set to open near the end of the year in Buffalo, New York, in the middle of the Allentown historic district. Most of the Yeibichai patterns showed Talking God and Water Sprinkler facing forward, with blue masked dancers facing sideways, legs bent in a dance position. Four areas of influence contributed to the development of Navajo yei and yeibichai weavings. Cherokee Art Market welcomes collectors from all over the globe to its website for a virtual event from December 7 to 21. To that end, this week we want to focus on this skillfully made Yeibichai dancers Navajo rug and the story woven into its cloth. These dancers are more humanlike, and uplifted feet commonly suggest the action of the dance. MORE STORIES FROM NATIVE AMERICAN ART MAGAZINE. He is the bringer of rain and the water carrier of the gods. Galleries and dealers come together to bring World Tribal and Native American Art to homes through a virtual event. The Night Chant or The Yeibitchai Dance is one such ceremony for which you may not come across a lot of detailed descriptions. Do you have any replicas of the chief style rugs or the Ganado style ? At some distance away is a brush enclosure where the dancers don the sacred masks which have been ritually prepared by the medicine man. depictions, Klahs weavings nonetheless had a tremendous Subscribe to Magzter Gold to access thousands of curated premium stories, and 8,000+ magazines and newspapers. One of the most sacred festivals for the Navajo tribe, it is a healing ritual that seeks to cure the ailing and also restore the delicate balance and order of relationships between people within their universe. imagery, Navajo weavers nonetheless persisted in incorporating Get notified of new items. Both wear ceremonial regalia and paint their bodies white with clay. A Navajo set of Yeibichai Dancers. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Yeibichai weavings depict Circa 1920. Forward to Friend. Two Grey Hills Navajo Rugs. 1970s Talking God can speak to the Navajo. person. Ceremonies are performed to either attractor exorcise effects to The People. The original black&white picture is Wellcome Trust. elaborate nine day ceremony, it features male and female yeii, English: Navajo Yebichai dancers. His birth in 1916 was after some Navajo began illustrating Yei in textile and painted form, so he grew up in a period where it did not appear to be taboo but was more acceptable. Great data. These weavings evoke scenes from the ninth and final night of the Nightway healing ceremony during which a succession of teams of masked dancers appear, impersonating male and female Yeis. Another area of influence Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Winslow,AZ Valley National Bank Navajo County Arizona Mashek & Zeigler Postcard at the best online prices at eBay! 01:42 Country(s) United States. "Thanks so much. The or where I might try to buy one? Clitso Dedman, consisting of fourteen figures, including representations of Talking god, Water Sprinkler, a medicine man, patient, and ten male and female dancers, realistically carved and with various attachments and accouterments. The picture is housed in the Wellcome Collection and is on display. The only use was for true Navajo sandpaintings used in healing ceremonies. Dancers of the Nightway: Ceremonial Imagery in Navajo Weaving presents a selection of these unusual pictorial works. to the development of Navajo yei and yeibichai weavings. The male gods wear full leather helmet masks like this one with a ruff of spruce twigs (formerly furs) around the neck. He often plays the role of the clown giving comic relief as he performs his dance moves. Free shipping for many products! The last participant is Water Sprinkler, who provides an element of comic relief by shaking a tattered fox pelt at the spectators. 100% GUARANTEED: If you are not satisfied, return rug, in the same condition as it was received, within 10 days and your purchase price will be fully refunded less shipping costs. Today Yeibichai dance teams generally are made up of six men and six women. influence on weavers of that area and eventually weavers in northwest Your email address will not be published. Talking God, the water sprinkler, fringe mouth yeii, medicine American Indian dance styles In Native American dance: The Southwest dances such as the curative yeibichai of the Navajo. Briscoe Western Art Museum hosts a traveling exhibition dedicated to contemporary Chickasaw artwork through January 18. A description of the ritual and form of the Ybchai ceremony,Klj Hatl, or Night Chant ,covering its nine days of performance, will give a comprehensive idea of all Navaho nine-day ceremonies, which combine both religious and medical observances. The Yeisperform specific dances and rituals, as directedby the Medicine Man, during the ceremony forthe desired end. Acrlic oil on canvas. Curtis; Edward Sherriff Curtis, https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/. The figures in the weaving can be identified by their unique features: Talking God leads on the left side of the weaving. who was responsible for the creation of rugs depicting Navajo yarns for the creation of the yei figures. If you could see the back of the mask, it would be white. All hand carded, and spun, and hand dyed native wool. However, if there were not enough qualified younger men, one or more mature women might be invited to perform the female Yei roles. 1945, cottonwood, paint, dyed feathers and pipe cleaner, from the collection of Rebecca and Jean-Paul Valette (Photography by Laura Shea). Navajo Yeibichai are masked dancers representing the Deity Yei Supernatural Beings. The ceremony lasts nine days and has a healing function for tribe members and is generally performed in the winter. The legacy of Cherokee artist Shan Goshorn is honored during an exhibition at the Gilcrease Museum. At some distance away is a brush enclosure where the dancers don the sacred masks which have been ritually prepared by the medicine man. Asia of weaving graces many a fine collection of Navajo rugs. But it can give you a greater sense of appreciation when you realize the history and mythology behind specific weavings. PO Box If you are someone who likes and appreciates Navajo arts and crafts, such asNavajo coin purses, check out our online store to discover a selection of products made by native Navajo artists. by Dorothy Dunn (1903-1992). During ceremony, a team will be composedof fourteen dancers: the leader Yeibichai - theTalking God, six male dancers, six womendancers, and finally, the Water Sprinkler - theGod of Precipitated Waters. Contrasting the Shiprock Yeis, the Lukachukai rugs tend to have backgrounds of dark gray, tan, gold or brown, and Yei figures are less detailed and colorful. Tom Yazzie has depicted all of the participants in this sacred ceremony in his carving, wearing their ceremonial masks and headdresses to resemble the Yeibichai. It can take someone as much as five to six years to become competent enough to conduct their first ceremony. On the ninth night, a public dance including six men and six women dance as Yei Bi Chei. The Lukachukai area, south of Shiprock, also was an early source of Yei weavings. FW04420_201 Track Number. Yeibichai weavings constitute a small but highly collectible category of Navajo textiles. into their own Navajo rug creations. The Nightway includes singing, dancing, pollen blessing, sandpainting . Please contact Charley at charley@charleysnavajorugs.com if you have any questions about this rug or any others in the collection. Do you know of anyone who weaves the sand paintings? 221 Canyon Road COUNTRY:United States of America these religious figures into their rugs. A national membership group of museum friends who share a love of American art and craft and our commitment to celebrating the extraordinary creativity of our nations artists. 39" x 44" A yei'i is a Navajo holy person. The Yeibichai are supernatural beings who created the Navajo people and taught them how to live in harmony with the universe. They wear red garters to hold up their leggings and moccasins on their feet. sandpainting designs. The Wellcome Collection, London.jpg. partnership with a prominent medicine man named Hastiin Klah Known as Ybchai in Navajo, the Nightway is a ceremonial that lasts nine nights and is performed by a singer to heal a patient, although family members and friends are often present in the hogan, along with the Holy People, for the healing. Navajo: Night Chant, Yeibichei Various Artists - Topic 48K views 7 years ago 45K views 3 months ago Performance (Ribbon Dance) at the Ribbon Cutting Ceremony - WRHS Sport Center. New Mexico started weaving sacred figures and other design elements MAIN MATERIAL: antelope leather I have, All these supposed white Native American stories are just a ploy by white Americans so they can feel easy about, Cupik and Yupik Native American History, Inupiaq and St Lawrence Island Yupik Native American History, Aleut and Alutiiq Native American History, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian Native American History, Mexican Zapotec Native American Indian History, Canyon de Chelly the Origin of Navajo Culture, Native American Art Navajo Pottery History, Sandpaintings Religion and Native American Art. 1991-1992, carved and painted cottonwood, sand, Smithsonian American Art Museum, Gift of Chuck and Jan Rosenak and museum purchase through the Luisita L. and Franz H. Denghausen Endowment, 1997.124.103A-Q. The figures in the weaving can be identified by their unique features: Not shown on this weaving are the six female dancers who would traditionally follow the males. We are artist too, so we know how important it is to showcase art. Entdecke Postkarte - Monument Valley - Navajo County, Arizona in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! He can be identified by the four eagle feathers on top of his white mask. These weavings emerged from the Shiprock, New Mexico area after the turn of the 1900s when weavers began putting the figures of Deities from the traditional sand painting ceremonies in their rugs. Year Released. So, make sure you keep an eye out for our upcoming blogs about Night Chant or The Yeibitchai Dance. Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. This painting features dancers from the 9 day healing ceremony known as the Yeibachei. It is led by a medicine man and involves the use of shock and arousal techniques to eliminate the disease, and once that has been done, songs, prayers, and sand paintings are used to restore balance and order. Photographie/Personnalits/C/Edward Sheriff Curtis, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Navajo_Yebichai_(Yei_Bi_Chei)_dancers._Edward_S._Curtis._USA,_1900._The_Wellcome_Collection,_London.jpg&oldid=574767445, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, American photographer, anthropologist, explorer and film director, Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression. Traditional Navajo Ceremonies: The Yeibitchai Dance Or Night Chant, Danced Across the River (Klay-chahjihHatal). They usually carry spruce or feathers and wear traditional dress with a red sash. men and patients. The Yeibichai weavings are highlyindividual, therefore, different elements maybe found in them. Required fields are marked *. Female Yei wear square half-masks. On the final night,teams of dancers appear in public in what isreferred to as the Yeibichai Dance until justbefore dawn. We are here to deliver art that people can appreciate in our products. Most of the present-day information comes from the data recorded by the Europeans who came into North America in the sixteenth century, but even the records are not completely accurate because the Europeans were neither familiar with Native American cultures and nor they did they understand any. The Yei Be Chei weavings present the dancers asthey dance, perform, and enact the ceremony ofthe Yeis. Talking God is distinguished by his white mask with eagle feathers. The Yei Be Chei Navajo Rug in the image above is an early and unusual portrayal of the Yei with feather andsmaller Yei figures at their feet with floating Yei spirits in the stylized storm pattern design. The Yeibichai dance is performed in front of a ceremonial hogan that has been built in a remote location near the patients home. The history of the development of a religious belief system in the Navajo tribe isnt well known. Four areas of influence contributed He was an avid student and was known to have stayed in the studio painting until forced to return to the dormitory. Yeibichai Dancers. Ceremonies are performed to either attract or exorcise effects to The People. It is a difficult ceremony to learn, and it requires you to memorize hundreds of songs, prayers as well as intricate sand paintings. An ethnologist and linguistic expert, Washington Matthews, is one of the very few people who wrote extensively about it in his bookThe Night Chant,which was published in 1902. You can copy, modify, and distribute this work without contacting the Smithsonian. For answers, be prepared for a little detective work. Prior to the turn of the 20 th century, Yei were not permitted to be represented in textiles or paintings in any permanent forms. Navajo: Night Chant, Yeibichai Dance View Cart. The role of the female Yeis was assigned to teenage boys or young men of smaller stature who would let their down their hair and wear the appropriate rectangular female Yei masks, all the while dancing in their traditional male kilts. An The masked dancer personifies the god represented. Your email address will not be published. It is matted and framed in a wood frame. Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501 FREE SHIPPING for all rugs shipped to an address within the Continental US. Summary: Featuring more than 500 photos and maps, this is the first comprehensive, research-based history of Navajo weavings with imagery inspired by tribal sacred practices. These 60-to-95-minute units pair thinking patterns with works of art to instill a thinking disposition transferable across classroom curriculum and into the wider world. Buy Track 0.99 Buy Track 0.99 Track Info. The painting is signed in lower left but not dated. Hanford, California 93232. Yeii figures The ceremonially attired dance teams enter the firelit area in front of the hogan led by Talking God or Yeibichai, the grandfather of the Yeis, who carries his sacred Abert squirrel bag. Oceania. The six maleYei carry gourd rattles and spruce twigs or feathers, and make the hu call periodically during the dance. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. Ganado Navajo Rugs chai ybch plural -s 1 : a Navajo supernatural represented by a masked dancer in an initiation or curative ceremony 2 : the ceremony performed by Yeibichai dancers Word History Etymology Navaho ye'ibeshichai Love words? In the earliest pictorials, Yeibichai were shown in frontal view, but by 1925-1930, most Yeibichai pictorials show the dancers in profile. TYPE: helmet mask Provenance: from a collector of Native paintings from California, Recommended Reading: American Indian Paintings of the Southwest and Plains Areas by Dorothy Dunn, American Indian Painting of the Southwest and Plains Areas [SOLD] The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong. A membership group for young professionals who are interested in immersing themselves in the American art experience. Bird Navajo Rugs Talking God leads on the left side of the weaving. difference between a yei and yeibichai weaving depends on the The Navajo Yeibichai Kachina is sometimes called the Talking God, although in many ceremonies the Yeibichai does not actually speak. This button displays the currently selected search type. They each wear a blue mask with two eagle feathers above the mask. And youll be able to appreciate the meaning behind the intricate weaving and vibrant colors. We learned that male and female Yeibichai dancers are differentiated by round or square heads. This piece represents the Nightway ceremony of the Navajos, in which a medicine man calls upon the power of the Yeibichai to heal someone. on three sides by a single rainbow yei. Navajo Blankets Often referred to as the Grandfather of the Navajo Kachinas, the Yeibichai is one of the more enjoyable features of the Navajo Kachina Dance. weaving large single and double figure vertical yei rugs. MAKER:Unknown He is followed by six male and six female Yeis. The rugs from this area tended to be larger and the . . During ceremony, a team will be composed of fourteen dancers: the leader Yeibichai - the Talking God, six male dancers, six women dancers, and finally, the Water Sprinkler - the God of Precipitated Waters. The Yeibichai are supernatural beings who created the Navajo people and taught them how to live in harmony with the universe. The Yei Be Chei dancers are the humanimpersonators who perform the ceremonies. SUBREGION:Arizona Latin America Navajo Rugs Please inquire for other rates. 48" high x 68" long unframed Deeply protective of their complex spiritual life, the Navajo . Much displeasure was exhibited by traditional Navajo when some weavers and painters began picturing Yei in forms that were to be sold to non-Indians. Four major rites are carried out throughout nine nights. Yeibichai Dance Performed by Navajo Students - YouTube 0:00 / 2:34 Yeibichai Dance Performed by Navajo Students 21,483 views Apr 17, 2019 240 Dislike Share ElDuroTuco 1.25K subscribers Navajo. As early as the mid-1800s, Navajo weavers were This is a Christmas present for my dad's mom. in northwest New Mexico came from the Newcomb Trading Posts DESCRIPTION: Ganaskidi Mask Male Yeis have round heads and FemaleYeis have square heads. This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published (or registered with the U.S. Adobe Gallery They also wear a spruce ruff around their necks, a kit fox pelt hanging down, and a short kilt with a concho belt. The myth characters personified in this rite are termed Ybchai, Grandfather or Paternal Gods. On view now at King Galleries in Santa Fe, New Mexico, is Charging Forward, a new two-artist show featuring the pottery of Kaa Folwell and the paintings of Derek No-Sun Brown. Entries (RSS) and Comments (RSS). American Indian Painting of the Southwest and Plains Areas [SOLD], Size: 2-1/2 x 7-1/4 image; 9-1/4 x 14 framed. USA, 1900. more animated form to portray the dancing of the yei during the The beauty of color and design are on full display in the exhibition Through the Kaleidoscope at Exhibit C Native Gallery & Gifts in Oklahoma City. Europe North America Dancers Of The Nightway Thursday, March 3rd, 2016// March/April 2016 Clitso Dedman (Din Navajo), Yeibichai dancers, ca. Other elements includedmay be: gourds, ruffs of spruce around the neck,fox pelts, moccasins, woven garters or sashes,arrows, corn, clouds, stars, and more. A yeii is a Navajo holy Teec Nos Pos Navajo Rugs Smithsonian American Art Museum and Renwick Gallery. Charley's Navajo Rugs Release. This work is in the public domain in its country of origin and other countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 70 years or fewer. He also wears a spruce ruff around his neck, a white deerskin sash knotted over his left shoulder, and a kit fox pelt hanging down his back. TITLE:Yei Bi Chei Ganaskidi This media is in the public domain (free of copyright restrictions). Pictorial Rugs Want to learn more about the painting you found while clearing out the attic? CEREMONY: Yei Bi Chei Dance Navajo-Artist.com, Lajasta Wauneka Gallup, New Mexico 87301, Email: info@Navajo-Artist.com Phone: (505) 409-5796. You're welcome. Navajo Yeibichai are masked human dancers impersonating the Yei deities of Navajo cosmology. The leader of the dancers is Talking God, the feather headdress dancer to the left. Prior to the turn of the 20th century, Yei were not permitted to be represented in textiles or paintings in any permanent forms. This resource uses images from photographic surveys in 55 communities in 30 states across the United States as source documents to spark sustained inquiry. Navajo jeweler Boyd Tsosie brings his life and culture into his art. Only on the last day of the ceremony do the dancers dress up in costume. 1951 Catalog Number. The ceremony lasts nine days and has a healing function for tribe members and is generally performed in the winter. The Heard Museum presents a large collection of contemporary art from Indigenous North America. Eduard S. Curtis. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Monument Valley Navajo Children Rest Herd Sheep Totem Pole Men Horse Postcard at the best online prices at eBay! These early Navajo yei weavings typically had a white or other There is also a leader, Talking God, and a fourteenth Yei, the Water Sprinkler. Navajo Regional Rugs, Saddle Blankets, & Other Styles Information, Navajo Regional Rugs & Navajo Saddle Blankets Info. Original file (4,541 3,448 pixels, file size: 9.67 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg). In executing the carefully prescribed ritual dance movements, they call upon the Holy People to bestow good health on the patient and, by extension, on all those hundreds in attendance. Following his graduation he went to work as an illustrator for the Indian Service. This specific mask represents Ganaskidi, a god of the abundant harvest. Pueblo masking influenced neighbouring tribal dances such as the curative yeibichai of the Navajo. Navajo Artists Weave Magic by J. Fatima Martins During the singing, the Yei Bi Chei representing the gods treat the patient while calling wu-hu-hu-hu-u. The gods represented are speechless and live in sacred caves, mountains and canyons. Six male yeibichai dancers follow Talking God. 6 Duration. Music of the American Indians of the Southwest. Highly controversial because of their sacred the actual ceremonial dance performed in the winter months. Yei Bi Chei masks are always made by skilled medicine men. The Yei Be Chei weavings present the dancers as they dance, perform, and enact the ceremony of the Yeis. Yeibichai Navajo Rugs Differing from the Shiprock Yei, the Yeibichai Navajo Indian rugs are usually bordered weavings and depict Navajo dancers impersonating Yei spirits. Today, this popular style These dancers are more humanlike, and uplifted feet commonly suggest the action of the dance. 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